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When a plant is grown from saved seed and closely resembles the parent plant in traits such as fruit, color, vigor, and growth habit, it is called true-to-type. This typically happens with open-pollinated (OP) or self-pollinating varieties that are genetically stable.
OP varieties reproduce naturally through insects, wind, or selfing, and produce offspring that remain genetically similar over generations. Self-pollinating crops (tomatoes, soybeans, peas) rarely cross with other plants and instead fertilize themselves, thus maintaining genetic stability. Saved seed from OP or selfing crops usually grows true-to-type, ideal for gardeners.
F1 hybrid seed is created from a controlled cross between two inbred parental lines. The progeny are uniform and vigorous; however, if seed is saved and taken to the F2, segregation occurs, causing shuffling of traits, which will not yield uniform plants. This is why commercial hybrid seed is produced every year and not maintained through saved seed.
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