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Other vegetables in the same family include watermelons, squash, cucumbers, and cantaloupes. The cultivation of these plants predates colonial America. In fact, gourds were likely among the first plants domesticated by humans and were used as utensils as early as 2400 B.C. While pumpkins and gourds belong to the same family, the cultivated species of both vary widely, although there is some overlap.
TRANSPLANTING: Germinate at 75-95°F,
DIRECT SEEDING: Sow pumpkins in late spring when the soil temperature is at least 70°F. Pumpkins are highly sensitive to cold temperatures (below 50°F), and both the plants and fruit can be damaged by even a light frost. The ideal temperature range for pumpkin production during the growing season is between 65–95°F. Temperatures above 95°F or below 50°F can slow the growth and maturity of the crop.
Pumpkins grow best in fertile, well-drained soil with a pH of 5.8–6.8 and minimal compaction. The soil should have good water infiltration and retention. If planting on sandy soils, irrigation is essential for optimal plant growth, consistent fruit set, and development. Pumpkins are usually seeded in the field during the first two weeks of July. Since they are a warm-season crop, wait until the soil temperature reaches 60°F at a depth of 3 inches before planting. Seeding in cooler soils can lead to injury from seed corn maggots.
TRANSPLANTING: Sow 2-3 seeds per 2" container or plug flat about 3 weeks before transplanting. Thin the seedlings to 1 plant per container or cell using scissors. Harden the plants for 4–7 days before transplanting. Once the danger of frost has passed, transplant them according to the recommended spacing for each variety. Handle the seedlings gently to minimize root disturbance.
DIRECT SEEDING: Sow pumpkins in late spring when the soil temperature is at least 70°F and the risk of frost has passed. Plant 2 seeds at the recommended spacing interval for the variety's vine length, ½–1 inch deep. Once the seedlings are established, thin to 1 plant per spacing interval.
For between-row spacing, bush plants require 4-5', short-vine habits require 6' and long-vine habits generally require 12'. In-row spacing varies, so check for individual variety recommendations. Below is a general guide.
Pumpkin-large. 48 – 72” distance in row and 72 – 96” between rows
Pumpkin-small. 24 – 60” distance in row and 60 - 80” between rows
Pumpkins: While pumpkins can tolerate 1-2 light frosts, temperatures below 28°F can damage the fruit. Once the fruit has fully developed its color, clip the handles close to the vine. Avoid handling the fruit by the handles to prevent damage to the skin or rind. Cure the fruit in the field for 5-7 days, or cure indoors by keeping the pumpkins at 80-85°F with good air circulation. For white varieties, move them out of direct sunlight once the foliage begins to die back, and cure them indoors to prevent yellowing. Overexposure to sun after maturity can reduce fruit and handle color quality.
To store, place pumpkins in a well-ventilated area, preferably sheltered from rain, for use in processing (such as pumpkin pie mix) or for late-season Jack-O-Lantern sales. Pumpkins can maintain good quality for 2-3 months when stored at 50-55°F and 50-70% relative humidity.
Gourds: For C. pepo types, harvest when the color is fully developed and the stems are dry, but before the first hard frost. Cure them out of direct sunlight at 80-85°F with good ventilation for 5-7 days. After curing, wash the fruits, dry them, and seal them with furniture polish for display use. For L. siceraria types, harvest when the stems are dry and the color fades. Keep the gourds on the vine as long as possible, as frost will not harm them. Store them in a dry, well-ventilated area for 3-6 months to fully dry before using them for crafting.
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